Prof. dr Almir Badnjević,

Direktor Agencije za identifikacione dokumente, evidenciju i razmjenu podataka Bosne i Hercegovine (IDDEEA)

 

English version is below

 

Digitalna transformacija nije pitanje tehnologije, nego države

„…digitalna transformacija ne može uspjeti ako građani ne razumiju njene koristi, ako se boje tehnologije ili ako im se ona nameće bez jasnog objašnjenja, pravne sigurnosti i zaštite njihovih prava.“

 

Tokom većeg dijela savremene Historije Bosne i Hercegovine, način na koji država funkcioniše, kako građani ostvaruju svoja prava i kako privreda komunicira s javnom upravom ostajao je gotovo nepromijenjen, uz obrasce koji su se prenosili iz decenije u deceniju i iz sistema u sistem, često s uvjerenjem da je sporost neminovna cijena institucionalne stabilnosti, dok se svijet u međuvremenu ubrzano mijenjao i ulazio u digitalno doba u kojem su tehnologije temeljno promijenile način rada država, tržišta i društava.

Danas više ne postoji dilema da li je digitalna transformacija potrebna, jer ona više nije pitanje prestiža ili modernizacije, nego osnovne funkcionalnosti države, a ključno pitanje postaje zašto se ona u Bosni i Hercegovini ne dešava brzinom i dubinom koju tehnologija već odavno omogućava, pri čemu problem nije u nedostatku znanja niti u nedostatku tehničkih rješenja, već prije svega u institucionalnoj inerciji, neusklađenim propisima i ograničenom razumijevanju da digitalna transformacija nije IT projekat, nego reforma načina na koji država razmišlja, odlučuje i djeluje.

 

Izvor: Freepik.com

 

Digitalna vlada ne počinje aplikacijom niti završava web portalom, nego pouzdanim digitalnim identitetom građanina, pravnom sigurnošću u elektronskom okruženju i interoperabilnim registrima koji omogućavaju da se podaci razmjenjuju zakonito, sigurno i automatski, jer bez tih temelja svaki digitalni servis ostaje izolovan, skup i kratkog vijeka, a Bosna i Hercegovina u ovom segmentu ima jasne zakonske osnove i institucionalne nadležnosti, ali njihova puna primjena zavisi od političke volje, institucionalne koordinacije i spremnosti da se postojeći procesi zaista promijene, a ne samo preslikaju u elektronski oblik.

Zaostajanje Bosne i Hercegovine u digitalnoj transformaciji nije apsolutno, ali jeste relativno u odnosu na svijet koji se kreće sve brže, jer dok razvijene zemlje već ulaze u fazu automatizovanih administrativnih procesa, proaktivnih javnih usluga i primjene vještačke inteligencije u javnoj upravi, mi se još uvijek suočavamo s osnovnim pitanjima priznavanja elektronskih dokumenata, digitalnog potpisa i međuinstitucionalne razmjene podataka, pri čemu se taj jaz ne mjeri samo tehnologijom, nego i vremenom izgubljenim u neodlučnosti i parcijalnim rješenjima.

U digitalnom dobu, podaci postaju ono što su putevi i željeznice bili u industrijskoj revoluciji, osnovna javna infrastruktura bez koje nema rasta, povezanosti ni efikasne države, a Bosna i Hercegovina raspolaže izuzetno vrijednim podacima o svojim građanima, privredi i javnim procesima, ali oni su i dalje rasuti po institucijama, često zatvoreni u nekompatibilnim sistemima i opterećeni procedurama koje više štite formalnu nadležnost nego javni interes, zbog čega bez sistemskog upravljanja podacima, jasnih pravila razmjene i interoperabilnosti digitalna transformacija ostaje fragmentirana, skupa i nedovoljno iskorištena.

 

Izvor: Freepik.com

 

U državama koje su uspješno provele digitalnu transformaciju, vlada princip da se podaci prikupljaju jednom, a koriste više puta, uvijek uz jasnu pravnu osnovu i visoke standarde zaštite, čime se smanjuje administrativno opterećenje, povećava tačnost i gradi povjerenje građana, dok je u Bosni i Hercegovini ovaj princip normativno prepoznat, ali njegova puna primjena zahtijeva institucionalnu zrelost i spremnost na saradnju koja često izostaje, jer se dijeljenje podataka i dalje doživljava kao gubitak kontrole, a ne kao izgradnja efikasnosti.

Digitalna transformacija ne može se posmatrati odvojeno od cyber sigurnosti i digitalnog suvereniteta, jer što je država digitalnija, to je odgovornost za zaštitu sistema veća, a povjerenje građana u digitalne servise ne zavisi samo od njihove funkcionalnosti, nego i od sigurnosti, integriteta i zakonitosti obrade podataka, zbog čega bez snažnih sigurnosnih mehanizama, bez kontrole nad ključnim digitalnim komponentama i bez domaćeg znanja digitalna transformacija postaje zavisna i ranjiva, dok digitalni suverenitet ne znači izolaciju, nego sposobnost države da razumije, upravlja i štiti vlastite digitalne procese u skladu s međunarodnim standardima.

Obrazovanost društva u digitalnom smislu postaje jednako važna kao i formalna pismenost, a Bosna i Hercegovina u tom pogledu nosi snažan paradoks, jer posjeduje visoko obrazovane pojedince, inženjere i stručnjake koji rade na globalnim projektima i u svjetskim kompanijama, dok istovremeno kao društvo sporo usvaja digitalne navike i često s nepovjerenjem gleda na promjene, što pokazuje da digitalna transformacija ne može uspjeti ako građani ne razumiju njene koristi, ako se boje tehnologije ili ako im se ona nameće bez jasnog objašnjenja, pravne sigurnosti i zaštite njihovih prava.

Industrija 4.0 dodatno produbljuje ovaj jaz, jer svijet već živi pametne fabrike, autonomne sisteme, naprednu robotiku i masovnu primjenu vještačke inteligencije u proizvodnji, logistici i zdravstvu, dok je industrijska struktura Bosne i Hercegovine i dalje dominantno zasnovana na radno intenzivnim procesima i niskoj dodanoj vrijednosti, što ne znači da ne postoji potencijal, nego da on nije sistemski podržan, jer bez digitalne infrastrukture, pouzdanih podataka, interoperabilnosti i digitalne države koja razumije potrebe privrede, Industrija 4.0 ostaje koncept o kojem se govori, ali koji se rijetko primjenjuje u praksi.

Poseban izazov Bosne i Hercegovine leži u složenoj institucionalnoj strukturi, gdje se fragmentacija nadležnosti često pogrešno tumači kao nepremostiva prepreka digitalizaciji, iako je u suštini riječ o testu institucionalne zrelosti, jer digitalna transformacija zahtijeva koordinaciju, zajedničke standarde i međusobno povjerenje institucija, pa tamo gdje se sistemi grade kao zatvoreni silosi fragmentacija se produbljuje, dok tamo gdje se grade kao interoperabilne platforme složenost sistema može postati njegova prednost.

 

Izvor: Freepik.com

 

Uloga države u ovom procesu ne smije biti da koči ili improvizuje, nego da stvori stabilan i predvidiv okvir, jer digitalna transformacija počiva na povjerenju, povjerenju građana da su njihovi podaci zaštićeni, povjerenju privrede da su pravila jasna i jednaka za sve, te povjerenju institucija da dijeljenjem podataka ne gube moć, nego grade efikasnost, a kada tog povjerenja nema, tehnologija ostaje neiskorištena, a potencijal pretvoren u trošak.

Bosna i Hercegovina danas stoji na raskršću, jer ima zakonske osnove, institucionalne nadležnosti, tehničke kapacitete i ljude koji razumiju savremene digitalne tokove, ali ono što često nedostaje jeste odlučnost da se digitalna transformacija prihvati kao strateški interes države, a ne kao skup parcijalnih projekata, budući da svijet ne čeka, a digitalna ekonomija, vještačka inteligencija i Industrija 4.0 već oblikuju novu realnost u kojoj stagnacija više nije neutralno stanje, nego aktivno nazadovanje.

Ako je industrijska revolucija oslobodila čovjeka fizičkih ograničenja, digitalna transformacija oslobađa društvo birokratskih, jer ona ne ukida državu, nego je čini efikasnijom, pravednijom i bližom građaninu, a to je izbor koji se više ne može odlagati, jer u digitalnom svijetu vrijeme postaje najskuplji resurs, a svaka propuštena godina povećava jaz koji se kasnije ne može lako nadoknaditi.

 

Prilikom korišćenja cijelog ili dijela teksta, potrebno je navesti ime autora i izvor sa kojeg ste tekst preuzeli (www.lobiranje.eu)

 

Almir Badnjevic, PhD

Director of Agency for Identification Documents, Register and Data exchange of Bosnia and Herzegovina (IDDEEA)

 

 

Digital transformation is not a question of technology, but of the state

“…digital transformation cannot succeed if citizens do not understand its benefits, if they fear technology, or if it is imposed on them without clear explanation, legal certainty, and protection of their rights.”

 

Throughout much of the modern history of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the way the state functions, how citizens exercise their rights, and how the economy communicates with public administration has remained almost unchanged, with patterns passed down from decade to decade and from system to system, often under the belief that slowness is an inevitable price of institutional stability, while the world in the meantime has been rapidly changing and entering a digital age in which technologies have fundamentally transformed the way states, markets, and societies operate.

Today there is no longer any dilemma as to whether digital transformation is necessary, because it is no longer a matter of prestige or modernization, but of the basic functionality of the state, and the key question becomes why it is not happening in Bosnia and Herzegovina with the speed and depth that technology has long made possible, where the problem is not a lack of knowledge nor a lack of technical solutions, but above all institutional inertia, unaligned regulations, and a limited understanding that digital transformation is not an IT project, but a reform of the way the state thinks, decides, and acts.

 

Source: Freepik.com

 

Digital government does not begin with an application nor end with a web portal, but with a reliable digital identity for the citizen, legal certainty in the electronic environment, and interoperable registers that enable data to be exchanged lawfully, securely, and automatically, because without these foundations every digital service remains isolated, costly, and short-lived, and Bosnia and Herzegovina in this segment has clear legal foundations and institutional competences, but their full implementation depends on political will, institutional coordination, and a readiness to truly change existing processes rather than merely transpose them into electronic form.

The lag of Bosnia and Herzegovina in digital transformation is not absolute, but relative in comparison to a world that is moving ever faster, because while developed countries are already entering a phase of automated administrative processes, proactive public services, and the application of artificial intelligence in public administration, we are still facing basic issues of recognizing electronic documents, digital signatures, and inter-institutional data exchange, where this gap is measured not only in technology, but also in time lost through indecision and partial solutions.

In the digital age, data become what roads and railways were in the industrial revolution, basic public infrastructure without which there is no growth, connectivity, or efficient state, and Bosnia and Herzegovina possesses extremely valuable data on its citizens, economy, and public processes, but these data are still scattered across institutions, often locked in incompatible systems and burdened by procedures that protect formal competences more than the public interest, which is why without systematic data governance, clear rules for data exchange, and interoperability, digital transformation remains fragmented, costly, and insufficiently utilized.

 

Source: Freepik.com

 

In countries that have successfully implemented digital transformation, the principle applies that data are collected once and used multiple times, always with a clear legal basis and high standards of protection, thereby reducing administrative burden, increasing accuracy, and building citizens’ trust, while in Bosnia and Herzegovina this principle is normatively recognized, but its full application requires institutional maturity and a willingness to cooperate that is often lacking, because data sharing is still perceived as a loss of control rather than as the building of efficiency.

Digital transformation cannot be viewed separately from cyber security and digital sovereignty, because the more digital a state becomes, the greater the responsibility for protecting its systems, and citizens’ trust in digital services depends not only on their functionality, but also on the security, integrity, and legality of data processing, which is why without strong security mechanisms, without control over key digital components, and without domestic expertise, digital transformation becomes dependent and vulnerable, while digital sovereignty does not mean isolation, but the ability of the state to understand, manage, and protect its own digital processes in accordance with international standards.

Digital literacy of society becomes just as important as formal literacy, and in this respect Bosnia and Herzegovina carries a strong paradox, because it possesses highly educated individuals, engineers, and experts who work on global projects and in world-class companies, while at the same time as a society it slowly adopts digital habits and often views change with distrust, which shows that digital transformation cannot succeed if citizens do not understand its benefits, if they fear technology, or if it is imposed on them without clear explanation, legal certainty, and protection of their rights.

Industry 4.0 further deepens this gap, because the world already lives with smart factories, autonomous systems, advanced robotics, and the mass application of artificial intelligence in manufacturing, logistics, and healthcare, while the industrial structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina is still predominantly based on labor-intensive processes and low added value, which does not mean that potential does not exist, but that it is not supported systematically, because without digital infrastructure, reliable data, interoperability, and a digital state that understands the needs of the economy, Industry 4.0 remains a concept that is talked about, but rarely applied in practice.

A particular challenge for Bosnia and Herzegovina lies in its complex institutional structure, where the fragmentation of competences is often mistakenly interpreted as an insurmountable obstacle to digitalization, although in essence it is a test of institutional maturity, because digital transformation requires coordination, common standards, and mutual trust between institutions, so where systems are built as closed silos fragmentation deepens, while where they are built as interoperable platforms the complexity of the system can become its strength.

 

Source: Freepik.com

 

The role of the state in this process must not be to obstruct or improvise, but to create a stable and predictable framework, because digital transformation is based on trust, trust of citizens that their data are protected, trust of the economy that the rules are clear and equal for all, and trust of institutions that by sharing data they do not lose power, but build efficiency, and when that trust is lacking, technology remains unused and potential is turned into cost.

Bosnia and Herzegovina today stands at a crossroads, because it has legal foundations, institutional competences, technical capacities, and people who understand contemporary digital trends, but what is often missing is the determination to accept digital transformation as a strategic interest of the state, rather than as a set of partial projects, since the world does not wait, and the digital economy, artificial intelligence, and Industry 4.0 are already shaping a new reality in which stagnation is no longer a neutral state, but active regression.

If the industrial revolution freed humankind from physical limitations, digital transformation frees society from bureaucratic ones, because it does not abolish the state, but makes it more efficient, fairer, and closer to the citizen, and this is a choice that can no longer be postponed, because in the digital world time becomes the most expensive resource, and every missed year increases a gap that later cannot be easily closed.

 

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